1. Threshold effect so-called threshold effect，refers to a person who accepts lower-level requirements，Proper guidance，Tend to gradually accept higher-level requirements。This effect was proposed by American social psychologists Friedman and Fraser in 1966 during a field experiment on pressure-free submission: the entry threshold technique。

2. Rosenthal effect American psychologist Rosenthal inspected a certain school，Randomly select 3 students from each class, a total of 18 students, and write them on a form，Give it to the principal，said very seriously: "These 18 students have been scientifically determined to have very high IQs。”Half a year has passed，Roche came to the school again，Discovered that these 18 students did indeed perform exceptionally。The Rosenthal effect is the resonance phenomenon in the psychology of expectation。Apply to personnel management，Require leaders to be emotionally invested in their subordinates、Hope and special inducement，Enable subordinates to exert their own initiative and creativity。If the leader assigns a certain task，You might as well say to your subordinates: "I believe you can do it well"、“I want to hear the news of your success as soon as possible。"In this way, your subordinates will develop in the direction you expect，Talents are produced in anticipation。

3 Catfish Effect Once upon a Time，After the Norwegians caught sardines at sea，If we can get them to Hong Kong alive，The selling price will be several times higher than that of dead fish，But only one fishing boat can bring sardines back to port。Later，It was discovered that there was just one more catfish in the fish tank of this boat。It turned out that when the catfish was loaded into the fish tank，Due to unfamiliar environment，will swim around，After Sardine discovered this "alien"，will also swim faster due to nervousness。This way，Sardines extend lifespan。This is the "catfish effect"。Use the catfish effect，Through individual “intervention”，Plays a competitive role in the group，It conforms to the operating mechanism of talent management。Currently，Open recruitment and competitive employment implemented by some government agencies，It’s a good example。This method can make people feel a sense of crisis and work better。

4. Wallach Effect Otto Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry，His success process is legendary。Wallach when he started high school，My parents chose a literary path for him，Unexpectedly, after one semester，The teacher wrote this comment for him: "Wallach is very hardworking。But too rigid，It is difficult to create literary talent。"Afterwards，My parents asked him to study oil painting again，But Wallach is not good at composition，I don’t know how to polish it，The last one in the class。Facing such "clumsy" students，Most teachers think he has no hope of success，Only the chemistry teacher thinks that everything is meticulous，Have the quality to do chemical experiments，Suggest that he study chemistry，Now Wallach’s spark of wisdom was suddenly ignited，Finally succeeded。Wallach’s success illustrates the truth: students’ intellectual development is uneven，They all have the strengths and weaknesses of wisdom，Once they find the best point to use their wisdom，Make full use of intelligence，You can achieve amazing results。Later generations called this phenomenon the "Wallach effect"。

5. Symbiosis effect There is such a phenomenon in nature: when a plant grows alone，Looks short、Monotonic，When growing together with many similar plants，The roots are deep and the leaves are luxuriant，Full of vitality。People refer to this interaction in the plant kingdom、The phenomenon of mutual promotion，Call it the “symbiosis effect”。In fact，There is also a "symbiosis effect" in our human group。The British "Cardive Laboratory" has produced 25 Nobel laureates from 1901 to 1982，is an outstanding example of "symbiosis effect"。

6. According to social psychology of stereotype effect，The influence caused by looking at people with old eyes is called the "stereotype effect"。It is a fixed and general view of people，Thus creating a stereotype。This phenomenon is often seen in schools，Teachers are interested in those who are talented、Students with excellent academic performance，There is often a look of affection on the face，And be respected and favored。But the talent is stupid、Students with poor academic performance are often discriminated against，Teacher showing impatience、bored mood，Disheartening words often spoken。Practical proof，Students who often receive this kind of "treatment"，You will suddenly feel cold water pouring over your body，Lost confidence in learning，Lost the courage to overcome difficulties，Even to the point of feeling decadent。

7. Primacy Effect Primacy Effect is sometimes also called the role of first impression，Refers to the influence of the first impression left by the perceived object on the perceiver on social perception。Specifically，When you first come into contact with someone or something，Produce a psychological fixation with emotional factors on someone or something，This will affect the future evaluation of the person or the matter。So，We can see，For the collection and analysis of correct intelligence in decision-making，This effect is detrimental。Whether the first impression is good or bad, it is one-sided，Not conducive to a comprehensive understanding、Analysis。The effect of the first impression is called the primacy effect。Evaluate a person’s quality based on first impression，Tend to be biased。If during recruitment examination and employee performance evaluation，Only based on first impression，You will be blinded by certain superficial phenomena。The primacy effect mainly manifests itself in two aspects in the recruitment process: First, judging people by their appearance。Looking dignified、Personal candidates are likely to win the favor of the examiner，The second is to judge people by words，Those eloquent people、Those who answer questions fluently often leave a good impression on others。So when selecting talents，You must listen to what he says、Look at its appearance，We still need to check our behavior、Test his performance。

8. Recency effect Recency effect refers to the fact that the recent performance of someone or something takes precedence in the mind，Thus changing the consistent view of the person or the matter。Recency effect and primacy effect are two corresponding effects。The primacy effect generally affects unfamiliar situations，The recency effect generally affects more familiar situations。Both are subjective assumptions based on one-sided understanding of people or things，distorting decision-making information。

9. Halo effect (halo effect) The halo effect means that someone or something leaves a deep impression due to its outstanding characteristics，Ignoring other people’s psychological and behavioral qualities。It sometimes creates a "halo of positive affirmations"，Sometimes there is a "halo of negativity"，This will interfere with the evaluation of the information，To overcome the halo effect, you must remain objective，No subjective content。

10. Butterfly Effect 1960，When Lorenz, a professor at MIT in the United States, was studying the problem of "long-term weather forecasting"，A difficult problem arose: she simulated the evolution of the weather on the computer using a set of simplified data，Originally, I wanted to use the high-speed computing of computers to improve the accuracy of weather forecasts。But，Backfired，Multiple calculations show，Very small difference in initial conditions，Can lead to wrong conclusions。The same is true for psychological emotions，There is a set of comics displayed，A person was scolded by the leader at work，I feel very annoyed，I got angry at my wife when I got home，My wife was scolded m88 online sports bettingfor m88 best betting websiteno reason，very angry too，Just slam the door and leave。Walking on the street，A pet dog blocked the way，"Barking" barking，My wife is even more angry，Just kick it，The puppy was kicked，Running past an old man，Scared the old man。It happens that this old man has heart disease，I was startled by the puppy that suddenly rushed out，Heart attack on the spot，Died。 Lorentz discovered the huge contrast caused by small differences，She used a vivid metaphor to express this discovery，A small butterfly flutters its wings over Brazil，Lorentz discovered the huge contrast caused by small differences，There may be a storm in Texas, USA, in a month's time - this is the famous "butterfly effect" in chaos theory。In the management of human resources，If personnel management workers make flexible use of personnel psychological effects，Can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of subordinates or talents，Let people make the most of their talents，Just try your best，So as to achieve optimal work efficiency。

11. Bell Effect British scholar Bell is extremely talented，Some people say that he will study crystals and biochemistry after graduation，Will definitely win many Nobel Prizes。But he was willing to take another path，Put forward pioneering topics one by one，Guiding others to reach the peak of science，This move is called the Bell Effect。The Bell Effect requires leaders to have the spirit of Bole and the spirit of human ladder，We must put the unit and the collective first，Knowledge of talents，Let go and use your talents，Dare to promote and appoint people with stronger abilities than yourself，Actively create opportunities for talented subordinates。

12. Tide effect: sea water rises due to the gravity of celestial bodies，If the gravity is strong, there will be a big tide，If the gravity is small, a neap will appear。This is the tide effect。The same is true for the relationship between talents and the social era。Society needs talents，The times call for talents，Talents emerge as the times require。For a unit，We must adjust the treatment of talents，To achieve a reasonable allocation of talents，Thus increasing the unit’s attraction to talents。Many well-known companies now put forward this human resources management concept: attract people with benefits，Using emotions to unite people，Inspiring people with career。

13. Business card effect has a job-seeking young man，I applied to several units but was rejected，Feeling very frustrated。final，He applied for a job in a company with a glimmer of hope，Before this，He first asked about the history of the company’s CEO，By understanding，He found that the company boss had a similar experience to his before，So he felt like he had found a treasure，When applying，He talked freely with his boss about his job search manager，And the indignation of not being recognized for his talent，Sure enough，This remark won the boss’s appreciation and sympathy，Finally he was hired as business manager。This is the so-called business card effect。That is, when two people are in a relationship，If you first show that you have the same attitude and values ​​as the other party，It will make the other person feel that you are more similar to him，Thus quickly reducing the psychological distance with you，Want to be closer to you，Form good interpersonal relationships。Here，conscious、The attitudes and opinions expressed to the other party purposefully are like business cards that introduce you to the other party。Appropriate use of "psychological business cards"，Can promote the establishment of interpersonal relationships as soon as possible，But we must make the "psychological business card" play its due role，First，Be good at capturing the other party’s information，Grasp the true attitude，Looking for its positive、A view you can accept，"Make"an effective"psychological business card"。Secondly，Looking for opportunities，Properly "show" the other party your "psychological business card"，This way，You can achieve your goal。Master the applied art of "psychological business cards"，It has great practical value for interpersonal communication memory and processing of interpersonal relationships。

14. Opposite-sex effect Ms. Li is the public relations manager of a company。She has many connections，Victory upon departure，Making great achievements for the company。The company’s raw materials are in short supply，Comrades from the Materials Department are running around，But hit the wall again and again，Ms. Li is out for contact，The problem will be solved soon。The company’s capital turnover is seriously malfunctioning，Urgently needed loan，The general manager is as anxious as an ant on a hot pot。It’s Ms. Li’s life again，Dealing with banks，Received a loan worth millions of dollars。Ms. Li is highly valued by leaders because of this，Salary、Bonus plus plus bonus。Someone tried to summarize the secret of Ms. Li’s success，Discover she has a clear mind，Agile eloquence，Rich knowledge and experience，Flexible access to things，And her dignified appearance、Elegant appearance also has a lot to do with it。 In daily life，We can often see male salespersons receiving female customers，Generally more enthusiastic than receiving male customers。The main reason for Ms. Li’s success mentioned above is that today’s society is still a society in which men have a great advantage，When you go out to do errands, you mostly have to deal with men，It is easier for women to come forward，This is the so-called "opposite sex effect" in psychology.。This phenomenon is based on the attraction of opposite sexes。People are generally more interested in the opposite sex，Especially for a likable appearance，Interested in the opposite sex who speaks and behaves well，Women are no exception to this，It’s just not as obvious as men to women。Sometimes to attract the attention of the opposite sex，Men especially like to express themselves in front of women，This is also the "opposite sex effect" at work。However, the "opposite sex effect" cannot be abused。Female appearance is beautiful，Pleasing，If coupled with proper communication，It’s easy to do things in front of the opposite sex，This is normal; vice versa，If to achieve a certain purpose，It is immoral to use color to seduce others。Male to opposite sex，Especially young and beautiful people of the opposite sex are more enthusiastic，There is nothing wrong with being polite，But use the opposite sex as a stimulus，Fantasy，It makes people feel "sexy"，That’s over the limit，Therefore，When in contact with the opposite sex, you must grasp the "degree"。

15. Diffusion of Responsibility Effect March 13, 1964, 3:20 pm，In front of an apartment in the suburbs of New York, USA，A young woman named Juno Bibai was assassinated on her way home from her job at the bar。When she shouted in despair: "Someone is going to kill someone!" Help!，The nearby residents turned on their lights，Window opened，The murderer was scared away。When everything returns to calm，The murderer returns to commit crimes。When she yelled again，The nearby residents turned on the lights again，The murderer escaped again。When returning to your home and going upstairs，When returning to your home and going upstairs，The murderer appeared in front of her again，Kill her on the stairs。In this process，Even though she screamed for help; at least 38 of her neighbors came to the window to watch，But no one came to save her，No one even called the police。This incident caused a sensation in New York society，It also attracted the attention and thinking of social psychologists。People call this phenomenon of so many bystanders doing nothing to save others called the diffusion of responsibility effect。Reasons for the formation of the diffusion of responsibility effect，Psychologists have conducted a large number of experiments and surveys，It was found that this phenomenon cannot just be said to be the callousness of everyone，Or a sign of increasing moral decay。Because on different occasions，People’s aid behavior is indeed different。When a person encounters an emergency situation，If only he could help，He will be clearly aware of his responsibilities，Help the victims。He will feel guilty if he refuses to save his life、Guilt，This requires a high psychological price。And if there are many people present，The responsibility of helping those seeking help is shared by everyone，causing diffusion of responsibility，Everyone shares very little responsibility，The bystander may not even realize his own share of the responsibility，This creates a feeling of "I won't save you"，The mentality of "let others save"，Creating a situation of "collective m88 online sports bettingapathy"m88 slot machine casino。How to break this situation，This is an important topic being studied by psychologists。

16. The Jensen effect has an athlete named Jensen，Usually well-trained，Strong strength，But they have lost continuously in sports。People use this to describe the kind of person who usually behaves well，But the phenomenon of failure in the arena due to lack of proper psychological quality is called the Jensen effect。 In daily life，Some are among the best，The only explanation between "strong strength" and "mistakes on the field" can only be a matter of psychological quality，The main reason is caused by excessive focus on gains and losses and lack of self-confidence。Some people usually have "a lot of achievements"，Outstanding，Stars holding the moon，Create a psychological stereotype: you can only succeed but not fail，Coupled with the special nature of the stadium，Society、Country、High expectations from family and other aspects，Intensifying his worry about gains and losses，Excessive psychological burden，Such a strong psychological gain and loss bothers me，How can we perform to our due level! On the other hand, there is a lack of self-confidence，Producing stage fright，Restricting the realization of one’s own potential。 How to get out of the "Jensen Effect" cycle? first，We must clearly understand the purpose of the "game field"，Overcoming fear，The arena is not scary，It’s just more formal than usual。Secondly，To calmly get out of the narrow shadow of worrying about gains and losses，Don’t be greedy for success，Just want to perform your level normally。The arena is a high-level competition，At the same time, it is often a battle of psychological quality，"The brave will win when we meet on a narrow road"，As long as you build self-confidence，Every hard work must be rewarded。A satisfactory answer will be delivered eventually。

17. "Sour Grapes" Psychology and "Sweet Lemon" Psychology "Sour Grapes" psychology means that things that you try hard but can't get are said to be "sour"，It’s bad，This method can relieve some of our stress。For example: someone else has a good thing，I don’t have it，I want it very much，But it’s actually impossible for me to get it。You might as well take advantage of the "sour grapes" mentality at this time，Try to find the bad things about that thing in your mind，Speaking "bad words" about such things，Overcome your unreasonable needs。The "sweet lemon" mentality means that your lemon is sweet，“Sweet lemon” means that anything you own and can’t get rid of is good，Learn to accept yourself。Everyone has their own advantages，Everyone has their own advantages，Everyone has his or her own characteristics，Don’t say that you are not good easily，That’s not as good as a human being，You might as well try "Sweet Lemon" psychology to learn to accept yourself，Gradually increase your confidence。

18 "South Wind Effect" French writer La Fontaine once wrote a fable，It’s about the relative power of north wind and south wind，Let’s see who can take off the pedestrian’s coat。The north wind comes first with a biting cold wind，As a result, pedestrians wanted to resist the invasion of the north wind，He wrapped his coat tightly。The south wind blows slowly，Suddenly sunny and sunny，Pedestrians feel warm，So start unbuttoning，Then take off your coat。The result is obvious，The south wind won。This is where the social psychological concept of “South Wind Effect” comes from。 The inspiration of the "South Wind Effect" to people is: when dealing with relationships between people，Pay special attention to methods。Both north wind and south wind make pedestrians take off their coats，But because the methods are different，The results are very different。For example: Some students are fierce and strong when they are with others，Once、Twice maybe because you are very fierce，Strengthen others，Have the upper hand，But soon you will find that you have lost your friends。We can also see，Conflict with others，No compromise，Both sides often suffer in the end，Think about it if the two of them could learn from the "Southern Wind" and talk calmly，Will the result be much better?

19. Barnum Effect A friend once asked me what is the most difficult thing in the world。I said making money is the most difficult，He shook his head。Goldbach’s conjecture? He shook his head again。I said I give up，Tell me。He mysteriously said "Know yourself"。Indeed，Those thoughtful philosophers also say so。Who am I，Where do I come from，Where are we going again，These questions begin in ancient Greece，People start asking themselves，However, no satisfactory results were obtained。However，Even so，People never stop pursuing themselves。Because of this，People are often lost in themselves，It’s easy to be suggested by the information around you，And use the words and deeds of others as a reference for your own actions，Herd mentality is a typical proof。Actually，People are influenced and hinted by others all the time in their lives。For example，On the bus，You will find this phenomenon: a person opens his mouth wide and yawns，A few people around him couldn’t help but yawn。Some people don’t yawn because they are not suggestible。Who are the most suggestible people? This can be checked with a simple test。Have one person extend their hands horizontally，Palm facing up，Close your eyes。Tell him that he now has a hydrogen balloon tied to his left hand，And kept floating upward; a big stone was tied to his right hand，Falling downward。Three minutes later，Look at the gap between his hands，The greater the distance，The more suggestive it is。Know yourself，In psychology, it is called self-awareness，It is the process of individuals understanding themselves。In this process，People are more susceptible to cues from external information，Thus, bias in self-perception。In daily life，It is impossible for people to reflect on themselves all the time，It is impossible to always observe yourself as an outsider。Because of this，Individuals use external information to understand themselves。Individuals are easily influenced by external information when understanding themselves，As a result, we often cannot perceive ourselves correctly。Psychological research reveals，It is easy for people to believe a general statement、General personality description is particularly suitable for him。Even if this description is very empty，He still thinks it reflects his personality。A psychologist once used a general paragraph、Let college students judge whether it is suitable for them if it applies to almost anyone，Result，The vast majority of college students believe that this passage portrays themselves in detail、Extremely accurate。The following paragraph is the material used by psychologists，Do you think it is also suitable for you? You need others to like and respect you。You tend to be self-critical。You have many abilities that can be used to your advantage but have not been used，At the same time, you also have some shortcomings，But you can usually overcome them。You have some difficulty interacting with the opposite sex，Although he looks calm on the outside，Actually, you are anxious inside。You sometimes doubt whether the decisions you make or the things you do are correct。You like some changes in your life，Hate being restricted by others。You pride yourself on being able to think independently，You will not accept other people’s suggestions without sufficient evidence。You think it is unwise to reveal yourself too openly in front of others。You are sometimes outgoing、Kind、Sociable，And sometimes introverted、Caution、Silence。Some of your ambitions are often unrealistic。This is actually a hat that fits anyone’s head。A famous acrobat named Shawman Barnum said when evaluating his performance，He is popular because the show contains ingredients that everyone likes，So he makes "people are being deceived every minute"。People often think of a general、General personality descriptions reveal your own characteristics very accurately，In psychology, this tendency is called the "Barnum effect"。After a psychologist gave a group of people the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)，Put out two results and let the participants judge which one is their own result。In fact，One copy is the participant’s own result，The other is the average result of most people’s answers。Participants actually believed that the latter expressed their personality characteristics more accurately。Barnum effect is very common in life。Take fortune telling as an example，After consulting the fortune teller, many m88 live casino and sports m88 online sports bettingbettingpeople think that the fortune teller’s words are “very accurate”。Actually，Those who seek help from fortune tellers are inherently suggestible。When a person’s mood is low、When you are frustrated，Loss of control over life，So，The sense of security is also affected。An insecure person，Psychological dependence has also been greatly enhanced，I am more suggestible than usual。Plus fortune tellers are good at figuring out people’s inner feelings，Can somewhat understand the feelings of the seeker，The person seeking help will immediately feel a kind of spiritual comfort。The fortune teller will say something general next、Innocuous words will convince the seeker。

20.Peg effect in some TV programs，Someone once performed a so-called strange memory performance。Usually a blackboard is set up on the stage，Then let the audience say some random words、Number、Program name、Formula、Foreign language words, etc.，Write it on the blackboard in order。The performer does not look at the blackboard during this process，But he can accurately tell any of the contents according to the audience's requirements，You can even recite the entire content backwards。This performance looks amazing，Actually, it’s just the use of Pegg’s memory technique，It’s just the “Peg effect”。This method is actually not difficult，It is a self-created set of memory codes，For example，⑴——Hat，⑵——Glasses，⑶——Scarf，⑷——Clothes，⑸——Belt，⑹——Pants...and write it down skillfully，Then connect with the material to be remembered through association。For example, you are asked to remember these words: ⑴elephant，⑵Cheer up，⑶Taking，⑷Electric fan，⑸Bicycle，⑹Water...so you can associate the elephant with the fixed-coded hat No. 1，Reminiscent of an elephant wearing a hat on its trunk。When you want to remember the sixth word "water"，Associate it with pants - water makes the pants wet。association through such coding，It’s not difficult to remember。Because when Lenovo，We consciously magnify the things we associate with，The appearance is clear and peculiar。For example, remember the fourth word - when the electric fan is associated with clothes，If the appearance is that the electric fan blows away the clothes, it is very common，But if you imagine an electric fan wearing a down jacket，It’s very strange，This makes it easier to remember this object。There are many fixed codes for Pego mnemonics，If you number each part of your body according to the upper and lower parts，Code what you can see after entering the door，According to the name number of your relatives and friends, etc.。We mastered this method during the learning process，You can avoid the boring monotony of memory，Make it interesting。Of course，Mastering this method does not happen overnight，It requires us to exercise regularly，And try to make your associations as unique and eye-catching as possible。

21. Transfer effect in learning psychology，The impact of prior learning on subsequent learning，Called “migration effect”。It has three effects: prior learning A promotes the effect of subsequent learning B，Called positive effect; the effect of prior learning A that interferes with and hinders subsequent learning B，Called a negative effect; prior learning A promotes subsequent learning B without any impact，called zero effect。In daily life and study，Not paying attention to the conditions related to migration conditions，Unnecessary migration will occur，such as，Japanese driver driving in the United States，Difficulties often occur，Even a car accident。This is mainly because in Japan it is "car left"、人right"，In the United States, it’s just the opposite。Of course，If the migration effect is used well, the following effects may occur。such as，Select golf training players from among the baseball players; let those who can speak English learn French unexpectedly、German、Spanish generally achieves better results。The inspiration of this theory for learning is: first, pay attention to discovering concepts、Same principle、similarities。The second is a summary of focusing on learning methods，That is, pay attention to mastering regular methods of solving problems during the learning process。The third is to extensively accumulate learning experience in all aspects。Fourth, we must pay attention to prevent mistakes in the learning process，Especially in the process of solving problems。

22. Feedback effect Feedback is originally a concept in physics，Refers to returning part of the energy in the output circuit of the amplifier to the input circuit，To enhance or weaken the effect of the input signal。Psychology borrows this concept，To illustrate learners’ understanding of their learning outcomes，And this understanding of the results has a strengthening effect，Promotes learners to study harder，Thus improving learning efficiency。This psychological phenomenon is called the "feedback effect"。The following is a famous psychological experiment on the feedback effect: psychologists Rossi and Henry divided a class of students into three groups，Test after studying every day。The supervisor tells the students the results of the first group of studies every day，For the second group of students, just tell them once a week，And for the third group，Never tell once。Teaching like this for 8 weeks。Then change your approach，The first group and the third group are swapped，The second group remains unchanged，also conducted teaching for 8 weeks。As a result, except for the second group, they made steady progress，Continue to make normal progress，The situation of the first group and the third group has changed greatly: that is, the academic performance of the first group has gradually declined，The scores of the third group suddenly increased。This shows that knowing your learning results in time is very important in promoting learning。And immediate feedback is more effective than distant feedback。Psychologist Brown’s experiment shows，Different feedback methods have different effects on promoting learning。Generally speaking，Active feedback from students themselves is better than feedback from teachers。The inspiration this gives us is: First, in the learning process，We must provide timely self-feedback，Avoid purposeless learning and learning methods without knowing your own learning results。The second is to pay attention to the teacher’s comments on homework or test papers，Carefully summarize the advantages and disadvantages of your own learning，Thus clarifying the direction of your efforts。The third is to treat your academic performance correctly，Don’t be proud when you get high scores，Still insist on continuing to work hard; don’t lose confidence when your results are not satisfactory，Determined to catch up。

23. Matthew Effect The term "Matthew Effect" was proposed by American scientist Robert Merton。He used this to summarize a social phenomenon - more and more honors are given to scientists who already have considerable reputations for their contributions，But those scientists who are not yet famous are unwilling to recognize their achievements。

24. Bucket Effect The capacity of a wooden bucket is determined by the shortest piece of wood，So in a team、In the group，The bad ones do great harm。This is what people often call the "bucket effect"。

25. Rise up effect This is a positive effect opposite to the falling effect: after a big setback，Those who are frustrated are not only not discouraged，On the contrary, it inspires to change the current situation、The will to strive upward，The psychological effect of rapid success，The rising effect。

26. Candy Effect I really appreciate the concept of "candy effect" that Saller came up with through experiments。Saler said to a group of 4-year-old children: "Put 2 pieces of candy on the table，If you can hold on for 20 minutes，Wait until I come back after shopping，I’ll give you these two pieces of candy。But if you can’t wait so long，You can only get one piece，You can get one now! ” This is for a 4 year old，It’s hard to choose – the kids all want 2 pieces of candy，But I don’t want to stay up for 20 minutes; I want to eat it right away，I can only eat one piece。Experimental results: 2/3 of the children chose to wait 20 minutes to get 2 pieces of candy。Of course，It is difficult for them to control their desires，Many children had no choice but to close their eyes and wait，To prevent the temptation of sugar，Or put your arms around your head，No candy watching or singing、Dancing。Other children simply lay down to sleep - just to survive the 20 minutes! 1/3 of the children choose to eat a piece of candy now。The experimenter leaves，They stuffed the piece of candy into their mouths m88 online sports bettingm88 best betting websitewithin 1 second。After 12 years of tracking，Any child who survives 20 minutes (already 16 years old)，They all have strong self-control ability，Self-affirmation，Confident，Strong ability to deal with problems，Strong，The child who is willing to accept the challenge and chooses to eat 1 piece of candy (also 16 years old)，shows hesitation、Suspicious、jealousy、Neurotic、Getting into trouble、Willful，Can’t stand the setback，Esteem is vulnerable。This kind of self-control since childhood、Judgment、Confident little experiment can predict the effect of his personality when he grows up，It’s called the candy effect。Of course this is just a family theory，Saler also did not specify the sample size of Shima，How many children were tested，How is their tutoring situation。I don’t think the 4-year-old test will absolutely determine his future personality，4 to 16 years old，The environment and education in 2012 will play a greater role。But the effect proposed by Saler is quite new。

27. Zigarnik Effect French psychologist Zigarnik once conducted a meaningful experiment: he divided voluntary subjects into two groups，Ask them to complete 20 tasks。In the meantime，Zigarnik intervened on a group of subjects，Causing them to continue working and failing to complete the task，For the other group, let them complete all the work smoothly。Experiments yielded different results。Although all subjects showed a state of nervousness when accepting the task，Those who successfully completed the task，The tension disappears; and those who fail to complete the task，Tension persists，Their minds are always haunted by unfinished work，Psychological tension and pressure are difficult to disappear。This kind of psychological tension caused by work pressure is called the "Zigarnik Effect"。

28. Hobson Selection Effect 1631，When Hobson, a businessman from Cambridge, England, sold horses，Put the horses out for customers to choose from，But there is a condition that you can only choose the horse closest to the door。Obviously，Adding this condition actually means not allowing selection。Later generations ridiculed this so-called "choice" without any choice as the "Hobson selection effect"。Social psychologists pointed out: Who will fall into the dilemma of "Hobson selection effect"，Creative learning is impossible、Life and work。The truth is simple: good and bad、Good and bad，All are generated in comparison selection，Only when a certain number and quality of plans are drawn up for comparison and selection、It is possible to make reasonable judgments。If a judgment only needs to say "yes" or "no"，Can this be considered a judgment? Study only among the many contrasting alternatives available，And be able to make judgments based on their understanding，It can be considered a judgment。Therefore，Having no choice is equal to killing creativity。

29. The setting effect The setting effect is a fixed attitude，For example, in the sketch "Supporting Role", Zhu Shimao said to Chen Peisi: "Just like you，At first glance, he is a villain..." Then he said to himself: "Look at me wearing this outfit，At least he is an underground worker..." This is the setting effect caused by appearance。The same principle applies to "suspected person stealing ax"，It is a set effect derived from logical reasoning。Avoid stereotyping effect in interpersonal communication，For development、See people from a dialectical perspective。And for a person who has made mistakes or is not valued，To change the stereotype effect of others，You must properly publicize your achievements or good deeds，Changed in the minds of others、Bad setting effect，Create new、Good setting effect。

30. The extravagant effect American social psychologist Friedman did an interesting experiment: He asked his assistant to visit some housewives，Ask the interviewee to agree to hang a small sign on the window，They agreed。Half a month passed，The experimenter comes again，Request that a large sign be placed in the courtyard，This brand is not only big，And it’s not pretty。At the same time，The experimenter also made the same request to housewives who had never let go of small signs before。55% of people agreed with the former，Less than 17% of people agree with the latter，The former is 3 times higher than the latter。Later, people called this psychological phenomenon the "excessive effect"。

31. The broken window effect has important reference significance in education。If a student has poor grades or some bad behavioral habits，Just label him a "poor student" or "bad student"，Then people will look at him through colored glasses，As long as he makes a small mistake，Just hold on to it，Bumping the hat，Because it is a broken thing，It doesn’t hurt to let him break some more，The so-called "everyone pushes down the wall"，That’s what I mean。

32. The psychological effect of touch. Psychologist Verder conducted an experiment on premature infants who were touched for 45 minutes a day。Generally believed，Premature babies should live in an isolation unit，In a womb-like environment，Pasting will only give them a sense of pressure，It will hinder their growth。However, he did it 3 times a day on 20 premature babies、15 minutes of soothing and firm caressing。In 10 days，Babies who received touch were on average 47% heavier than those who did not receive touch，And sleep and sensitivity have also been greatly improved。By the end of the 8th month，Their physical fitness and intelligence have improved significantly。The most noteworthy thing is，Babies who were touched left the incubator an average of 6 days earlier than other babies。Feld said: "Pasting can regularly stimulate the secretion of growth hormone，Thus promote digestion and absorption function。”

33 Authority Effect American psychologists once conducted an experiment: while giving lectures to students in the psychology department of a university，Introduce students to a German teacher invited from another school，Said this German teacher is a famous chemist from Germany。During the experiment, the "chemist" took out a bottle containing distilled water，Said it was a newly discovered chemical substance he had discovered，Some smell，Please raise your hands when the students here smell the smell，As a result, most students raised their hands。For distilled water that has no odor，Why do most students think there is a smell and raise their hands? This is because there is a common social psychological phenomenon - the "authority effect"。The so-called "authority effect"，For distilled water that has no odor，Prestige，Respected，What you say will easily attract others’ attention，And believe in its correctness，That is, "people speak lightly、People are valued and words are valued”。

34. Marginal effect Marginal effect is originally a concept in economics，It means that the value of the same thing is proportional to the need it meets，This is why providing help in times of need is more touching than the icing on the cake。

35. Projection effect refers to the effect in interpersonal communication，Perceivers always assume that others have the same tendencies as themselves when forming impressions of others，Projecting one’s own characteristics onto others。The so-called "with a villain's heart，Saving the gentleman’s belly”，The reflection is one side of this projection effect。The so-called over-limit effect refers to excessive stimulation、Too strong or acting for too long，A psychological phenomenon that causes extreme impatience or rebelliousness。Changing underachievers is not something that can be done once and for all，The transformation of underachievers generally requires awakening、Change、Repeatedly、Consolidation、Stable process，And repetition is the central link in transformation，There may even be several major iterations。This is because the willpower and quality of these students are not perfect，Self-discipline ability is still relatively weak，Facing the repetition of underachievers，Teachers should be particularly cautious，Never be discouraged and give up on education，There should be a spirit of perseverance，According to the different psychological characteristics of students，Continuously adjust education plans，Enable underachievers to overcome repeated difficulties，Progress faster。In this process, teachers should prevent the negative impact of the "over-limit effect"。Because some teachers face repeated problems with underachievers，You will lose confidence in education，Excessively blaming underachievers，After criticizing students，You will feel that you still have more to say，Repeated criticism of underachievers，Then criticism...over and over again，Repeating the same criticism over and over again，Making m88 online sports bettingm88 online bettingstudents extremely impatient，Disgusting to the extreme。Teachers cannot resort to "replacing old scores" at will、The practice of "exposing the old man"，Do not use the endless method of turning over old millet and rotten sesame seeds，That will increase the mental burden on poor students，Making them lose confidence in progress，And it is easy to cause emotional alienation between teachers and students。Generate rebellious psychology，What teachers say most，Or ask them to do this or that，Tend to ignore it。From a psychological point of view，The first time I was criticized，Students’ boredom is not too great，But for the second time，Tends to double the boredom，If you come again for the third time、The fourth time...then the cumulative effect of criticism will be greater，The boredom will increase geometrically，Maybe this will evolve into a rebellious mentality，Even to the point of being out of control。